This code defines a function `population` that takes an integer...

This code defines a function population that takes an integer input n and calculates the number of operations required to reduce n to 0 based on a specific process. Here's what the code does step by step:

1. Initialization:

   • An integer variable con is initialized to 0. This variable is used to count certain operations during the process.

2. While Loop:

   • The loop continues as long as n is not equal to 0.

3. Odd Check:

   • Inside the loop, the function checks whether n is odd (n % 2 == 1):
     • If it is odd, it performs the following operations:
       • Update n to (n / 2) + 1. (This effectively divides n by 2 and rounds it up.)
       • Increment the variable con by 1.
   • If n is even, it simply updates n to n / 2 (integer division).

4. Printing and Return:

   • After the while loop is complete (i.e., when n becomes 0), the function prints the value of con to the console.
   • Finally, it returns the value of con.

Key Observations:

• This code essentially traverses a sequence where even numbers are halved, and odd numbers are also halved but adjusted upwards (via the +1) and counted as an operation.
• The variable con counts how many times this "odd adjustment" (n % 2 == 1) occurs during the process.

Example:

If you call population(5):

• Initial n = 5 (odd): Update n = (5 / 2) + 1 = 3, increment con = 1.
• Now n = 3 (odd): Update n = (3 / 2) + 1 = 2, increment con = 2.
• Now n = 2 (even): Update n = 2 / 2 = 1.
• Now n = 1 (odd): Update n = (1 / 2) + 1 = 1, increment con = 3.
• Now n = 0 (loop terminates).

Output: 3 (as this is the number of odd adjustments made during the process). The function then returns 3.

Purpose:

The function seems to perform a specific transformation on the number n, and con reflects the number of odd-number operations during the reduction to zero.