This code snippet uses a shell command to create a...

This code snippet uses a shell command to create a Python file named functions_together.py with the content specified between << 'EOF' and EOF. Let’s break down what happens step-by-step:

Contents of the Python File (functions_together.py):

1. validate_number(num):

   • This function checks if the input number num is non-negative.
   • If num < 0, it prints "Number cannot be negative" and returns False.
   • Otherwise, it prints "Number is valid" and returns True.

2. calculate_square(num):

   • This function first calls validate_number(num) to validate the input number.
   • If validate_number(num) returns True (i.e., the number is valid):
     • It calculates the square of num (num * num).
     • Prints "Square of", num, "is", result where result is the square.
     • Returns the squared value.
   • Else, if the number is invalid (negative), it prints "Cannot calculate square" and returns None.

3. Testing the Functions:

   • The code tests the two functions with two sample inputs:
     • calculate_square(5):
       • The number 5 is validated and found to be valid.
       • The square of 5 (25) is calculated, printed, and returned.
     • calculate_square(-3):
       • The number -3 fails validation and is identified as negative.
       • The code prints messages indicating that the number is invalid and the square cannot be calculated, returning None.

Summary:

The shell command creates a Python file that contains two functions and tests them. The functions are designed to validate input numbers and calculate their square only if they are non-negative. When executed, the testing part of the file will result in the following output:

Number is valid
Square of 5 is 25
Number cannot be negative
Cannot calculate square