This code rotates a given square matrix (NxN) 90 degrees...

This code rotates a given square matrix (NxN) 90 degrees clockwise. Here's a step-by-step explanation of what the code does:

1. Input Handling:

   • It takes an integer n as input, which specifies the size of the square matrix (NxN).
   • The variable matrix is initialized as an empty list.
   • Using a loop, it takes n rows of input, where each row is a space-separated string of n integers. Each row is stored as a list of integers within the matrix list.

2. Displaying the Original Matrix:

   • It prints the original matrix row by row.

3. rotate_matrix Function:

   • The matrix is rotated 90 degrees clockwise using the following steps:
     • Step 1: Transpose the Matrix:
       • The nested loop iterates through the upper triangular portion of the matrix (including the diagonal) to transpose it in place. For every pair (i, j) in this portion, it swaps matrix[i][j] with matrix[j][i].
       • Transposing essentially flips the matrix over its diagonal.
     • Step 2: Reverse Each Row:
       • After transposing, every row of the matrix is reversed. This effectively converts the transposed matrix into a 90-degree rotated version of the original matrix.

4. Rotated Matrix Output:

   • The rotated matrix is printed row by row.

Example Run:

Input:

Enter the size of the square matrix (NxN): 3
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

Execution Steps:

Original Matrix:

1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

• Step 1: Transpose:

  1 4 7
  2 5 8
  3 6 9
  

• Step 2: Reverse Each Row:

  7 4 1
  8 5 2
  9 6 3
  

Output:

Rotated Matrix:
7 4 1
8 5 2
9 6 3

Thus, the code rotates the square matrix 90 degrees clockwise.