This code generates and prints a diamond pattern made up...

August 7, 2025 at 06:22 PM

public class DiamondPattern {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int n = 4;

        // Upper half (including middle row)
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            // Print spaces
            for (int j = 1; j <= n - i; j++) {
                System.out.print(" ");
            }

            // Print stars
            for (int k = 1; k <= 2 * i - 1; k++) {
                System.out.print("*");
            }

            System.out.println();
        }

        // Lower half (excluding middle row)
        for (int i = n - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
            // Print spaces
            for (int j = 1; j <= n - i; j++) {
                System.out.print(" ");
            }

            // Print stars
            for (int k = 1; k <= 2 * i - 1; k++) {
                System.out.print("*");
            }

            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

This code generates and prints a diamond pattern made up of asterisks (*). The diamond is symmetric and consists of an upper triangular part (including the middle row) and a lower triangular part (excluding the middle row).

Here's the breakdown of what it does:

Initialize the size of the diamond:
- The variable n determines the number of rows in the upper half of the diamond (or the distance from the middle row to the top of the diamond).
- For the given value n = 4, the diamond will consist of 2 * n - 1 = 7 rows.
Upper half (including middle row):
- The outer loop (for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)) iterates from i = 1 to i = n. This loop builds the rows for the top part of the diamond.
- Spaces: The first inner loop (for (int j = 1; j <= n - i; j++)) prints spaces before the stars to center-align the stars in the diamond shape.
- Stars: The second inner loop (for (int k = 1; k <= 2 * i - 1; k++)) handles the printing of stars. The number of stars in each row follows the formula 2 * i - 1.
- After printing the spaces and stars for a row, a newline is added with System.out.println().
Lower half (excluding middle row):
- The outer loop for the lower half (for (int i = n - 1; i >= 1; i--)) iterates downward from n - 1 to 1. This loop generates rows for the bottom part of the diamond.
- The logic for printing spaces and stars is the same as in the upper half, except that the number of stars decreases as i decreases.
Example Output: For n = 4, the output looks like this:
```
   *    
  ***   
 *****  
******* 
 *****  
  ***   
   *    
```
- The diamond has 7 rows, with the middle row (n = 4) being the widest at 7 stars (2 * 4 - 1). The number of stars decreases symmetrically in the lower half.

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