The provided C++ code defines a program to simulate a...

August 26, 2025 at 05:20 PM

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

// Classe base
class Log {
public:
  virtual void esegui() = 0;
};

// Cliente
class Cliente : public Log {
public:
  std::string nome, cognome, email;
  int puntiFedelta;

  void esegui() override {
    std::cout << "Il cliente: " << nome << " " << cognome << " ha guadagna 10 punti fedeltà!\n";
    puntiFedelta += 100;
  }
  
};

// Ordine
class Ordine : public Log {
public:
  std::string prodotto;
  std::string cid;
  int quantita;
  double prezzo;
  
  void esegui() override {
    std::cout << "Ordine confermato: [" << cid << "] - " << prodotto << " - Prezzo: "<< prezzo <<"€ Quantita:" << quantita << "\n";
  }
};

// Metodo che ritorno il valore totale di un ordine
void gestisciOrdine(Log* log) {
  Ordine* ordine = (Ordine*)log;
  double stima = ordine->quantita * ordine->prezzo;
  std::cout << "LOG: " << ordine->prodotto << " [" << ordine->cid << "] " << " -> Stima valore totale: " << stima << " €\n";
}

int main() {

  std::string scelta;
  std::cout << "Vuoi inserire Cliente ordine Ordine:  ";
  std::getline(std::cin, scelta);
  
  // Controllo la scelta fra CLiente e Ordine
  if (scelta == "Cliente" || scelta == "cliente") {
    // Leggo e salvo le variabili del Cliente
    Cliente cliente;
    std::cout << "Nome: ";
    std::getline(std::cin, cliente.nome);
    std::cout << "Cognome: "; 
    std::getline(std::cin, cliente.cognome);
    std::cout << "Email: "; 
    std::getline(std::cin, cliente.email);
    cliente.puntiFedelta = 0;
    
    cliente.esegui();
    gestisciOrdine(&cliente); 
    
  } else if (scelta == "Ordine" || scelta == "ordine") {
  
    Ordine ordine;
    std::cout << "Prodotto: "; 
    std::getline(std::cin, ordine.prodotto);
    std::cout << "Codice ID: "; 
    std::getline(std::cin, ordine.cid);
    std::cout << "Quantità: "; 
    std::cin >> ordine.quantita;
    std::cout << "Prezzo unitario: "; 
    std::cin >> ordine.prezzo;

    ordine.esegui();
    gestisciOrdine(&ordine);
    
  } else {
  
    std::cout << "Scelta non valida.\n";
    
  }
}

The provided C++ code defines a program to simulate a basic log system for "Cliente" (Customer) and "Ordine" (Order). Here's what the code does, step by step:

1. Definitions of Base and Derived Classes:

Log class: This is an abstract base class with a pure virtual function esegui() that acts as a log action (to be overridden in derived classes).
Cliente class (Customer): A derived class of Log. It has properties like nome, cognome, email, and puntiFedelta. The esegui() method prints a message and increases puntiFedelta by 100.
Ordine class (Order): Another derived class of Log. It has properties like prodotto (product), cid (order ID), quantita (quantity), and prezzo (price). The esegui() method prints a confirmation message for an order.

2. Auxiliary Function `gestisciOrdine`:

This function accepts a Log* pointer and attempts to cast it to the Ordine class.
Using the cast Ordine* log, it calculates the total value of the order (price × quantity) and prints it.
Problem: This function assumes the Log pointer passed will always be an Ordine object. If a Cliente object is passed, the behavior will be undefined, as it performs an unsafe cast.

3. Main Function Workflow:

Prompts the user to choose between Cliente (Customer) and Ordine (Order).
Depending on the input:
- For "Cliente":
  1. Gathers user input for name, surname, email, and initializes the customer's puntiFedelta (loyalty points) to 0.
  2. Calls esegui() to simulate earning loyalty points and print the output message.
  3. Calls gestisciOrdine(&cliente) (this is a bug since gestisciOrdine expects an Ordine object, not a Cliente).
- For "Ordine":
  1. Gathers user input for product, ID, quantity, and price.
  2. Calls esegui() to confirm the order and print a message.
  3. Calls gestisciOrdine(&ordine) to calculate and log the total value of the order.
- Any other input results in an "Invalid choice" message.

4. Key Bugs and Issues:

Unsafe Casting in gestisciOrdine: The function does not check whether the Log* pointer actually points to an Ordine. Passing a Cliente instance will result in undefined behavior (most likely memory corruption or a runtime crash).
Calling gestisciOrdine(&cliente): This is incorrect, as gestisciOrdine is designed to work with Ordine objects, but a Cliente object is passed in the case of a "Cliente" choice.
Logical Discrepancy: The use of gestisciOrdine for both customers and orders does not make sense, as "Cliente" objects do not contain data necessary for order processing.

5. Correct Output Behavior:

If "Cliente" is selected and program control reaches gestisciOrdine(&cliente), it may crash or produce invalid output.
For "Ordine", the program correctly calculates and logs the order's total cost unless invalid input (e.g., non-numeric quantita or prezzo) is provided.

6. Final Observations:

The code is partially functional and successfully gathers input and logs actions for both customers and orders. However, the improper use of gestisciOrdine and unsafe casting introduces bugs, making the code behavior unreliable under certain conditions.

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