This code performs the insertion of a new value into...

This code performs the insertion of a new value into an integer array at a specified position. Let's review how it works step by step:

1. Function Declaration:

   • The method insert(int[] nums, int val, int pos) inserts the value val at the position pos in the array nums.

2. Shifting Elements:

   • The for loop starts at the last index of the array (nums.length - 1) and moves backward, stopping at pos + 1.
   • Each element is shifted one position to the right: nums[i] = nums[i - 1].

3. Insert Value:

   • Once the loop is done, the desired value val is inserted at nums[pos].

4. Side Effects:

   • This function modifies the array in place. It assumes the array nums has enough space to hold the new value without overflowing. Otherwise, it may result in an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException or overwrite existing values.

For the code example provided:

1. Initial array: arr = {2, 3, 7, 11, 4, 8}.

   • The array has 6 elements.

2. Call: insert(arr, 9, 3);.

   • The method will insert the value 9 at position 3 (0-based index).

3. Execution of the loop:

   • Starting at i = 5 (last index), the elements are shifted one position to the right:
     • arr[5] = arr[4] → arr becomes {2, 3, 7, 11, 4, 4}.
     • arr[4] = arr[3] → arr becomes {2, 3, 7, 11, 11, 4}.

4. Insert value:

   • arr[3] = 9 → Final array: {2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 4}.

Final Array:

After the function is executed, the array becomes:

arr = {2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 4}.

Summary:

The function inserts a value into an array at a specified position, shifting all subsequent elements to the right. In this case, the value 9 was inserted at position 3.