The provided C code is a program that handles either...

August 26, 2025 at 05:24 PM

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

// Cliente
typedef struct {
  char nome[20];
  char cognome[20];
  char email[50];
  int puntiFedelta;
} Cliente;

// Ordine
typedef struct {
  char prodotto[30];
  char codiceid[20];
  int quantita;
  double prezzo;
} Ordine;

// Metodo che prende un puntatori in input diversi tipi di dato e li tratta come Cliente
void logAttivita(void* ptr) {
  // Salvo i dati passati su un file log
  FILE* f = fopen("log.txt", "a");
  
  if (!f) {
    perror("Errore apertura log");
    return;
  }
  
  Ordine* ordine = (Ordine*)ptr;
  // Stampo i dati passati 
  printf("LOG Ordine: %s C-ID:%s Quantita: %d - Prezzo: %.2f\n", ordine->prodotto, ordine->codiceid, ordine->quantita, ordine->prezzo);
  // Salvo i dati passati su un file
  fprintf(f, "LOG Ordine: %s C-ID:%s Quantita: %d  Prezzo: %.2f\n", ordine->prodotto, ordine->codiceid, ordine->quantita, ordine->prezzo);

  fclose(f);
}


int main() {
  
  char scelta[20];
  printf("Vuoi aggiungere: Cliente o Ordine? \n");
  fgets(scelta, sizeof(scelta), stdin);
  scelta[strcspn(scelta, "\n")] = 0;
  
  // Controllo leggo e salvo nella struct i dati del tipo scelto
  if (strcmp(scelta, "Cliente") == 0 || strcmp(scelta, "cliente") == 0) {
  
    Cliente client;
    printf("Nome: "); fgets(client.nome, sizeof(client.nome), stdin);
    client.nome[strcspn(client.nome, "\n")] = 0;
    printf("Cognome: "); fgets(client.cognome, sizeof(client.cognome), stdin);
    client.cognome[strcspn(client.cognome, "\n")] = 0;
    printf("E-mail: "); fgets(client.email, sizeof(client.email), stdin);
    client.email[strcspn(client.email, "\n")] = 0;
    printf("Punti Fedeltà: "); scanf("%d", &client.puntiFedelta);

    logAttivita(&client);
    
  } else if (strcmp(scelta, "Ordine") == 0 || strcmp(scelta, "Ordine") == 0) {
  
    Ordine ordine;
    printf("Prodotto: "); fgets(ordine.prodotto, sizeof(ordine.prodotto), stdin);
    ordine.prodotto[strcspn(ordine.prodotto, "\n")] = 0;
    printf("Codice ID: "); fgets(ordine.codiceid, sizeof(ordine.codiceid), stdin);
    ordine.codiceid[strcspn(ordine.codiceid, "\n")] = 0;
    printf("Quantità: "); scanf("%d", &ordine.quantita);
    printf("Prezzo: "); scanf("%lf", &ordine.prezzo);

    logAttivita(&ordine);
  } else {
  
    printf("Scelta non valita.\n");
    
  }
}

The provided C code is a program that handles either a Cliente (customer) or an Ordine (order) based on user input. Below is the explanation of what this code does:

Key Functionalities

Data Structures:
- The program defines two structs:
  - Cliente: Contains customer data (nome, cognome, email, and puntiFedelta).
  - Ordine: Contains order data (prodotto, codiceid, quantita, and prezzo).
User Input Options:
- The program prompts the user to input whether they want to add a "Cliente" (customer) or an "Ordine" (order).
- Depending on the user’s choice, the program captures the corresponding data from the user.
Logging Activities:
- A function logAttivita writes the passed data into a log file (log.txt) and also prints it to the console.
- The function uses a void* pointer to handle the data but assumes it is always cast as an Ordine. This introduces a bug (discussed below) when handling Cliente.
Program Flow:
- If the user chooses:
  - "Cliente": The program prompts the user for the customer's details and attempts to log the details by calling the logAttivita function.
  - "Ordine": The program prompts the user for order details and logs them correctly using logAttivita.
- If the user inputs an invalid option, the program notifies them that the choice is invalid.
Logging Functionality:
- The logAttivita function:
  - Opens or creates the file log.txt in append mode.
  - Logs the data (assumed to be of type Ordine) into the file in a formatted manner.
  - Prints the same information to the console.

Issues in the Code

Incorrect Casting for Cliente in logAttivita:
- The logAttivita function always casts the passed void* object as an Ordine. If a Cliente is passed instead, the program could exhibit undefined behavior since there is no check or distinction for the type of data being handled.
Logic Oversight in strcmp:
- In the second else if block, the condition strcmp(scelta, "Ordine") == 0 || strcmp(scelta, "Ordine") == 0 redundantly checks the same string comparison twice.
Unused Data in Logging:
- When Cliente data is passed to logAttivita, the function does not utilize or correctly log this information, making the logging for customers effectively non-functional.
Validation of Input:
- There are no input validations during data capture (e.g., length, invalid characters, etc.), potentially leading to errors.

What this Code Achieves

It acts as a basic terminal-based program to take input for Cliente or Ordine and log the information into log.txt.

What Happens During Execution

User Prompt:
- The user is greeted with the option: "Vuoi aggiungere: Cliente o Ordine?" (Do you want to add: Customer or Order?).
Input Handling:
- If the user enters "Cliente" or "cliente":
  - The program captures customer details (nome, cognome, email, puntiFedelta).
  - The program then calls logAttivita, passing the Cliente data as a pointer.
- If the user enters "Ordine":
  - The program captures order details (prodotto, codiceid, quantita, prezzo).
  - The program calls logAttivita, passing the Ordine data as a pointer.
- For other inputs, the program displays "Scelta non valita." (Invalid choice).
Data Logging and Output:
- For Ordine, the details are logged correctly to log.txt and printed to the console (e.g., product name, ID, quantity, and price).
- For Cliente, due to the incorrect casting, the logged and printed data will not represent the customer information but instead produce undefined behavior.

File Logging:

Output is appended to the log.txt file in the format:

LOG Ordine: [prodotto] C-ID:[codiceid] Quantita: [quantita]  Prezzo: [prezzo]

Correct Behavior Expected (Fixes Needed)

To correctly handle both Cliente and Ordine types:

Modify logAttivita to differentiate or handle both types explicitly (e.g., using a type identifier or separate functions for each type).
Ensure proper input validation and error handling during user input.
Simplify the redundant strcmp in the selection logic.

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