This code checks whether the least significant bit (LSB) of...

This code checks whether the least significant bit (LSB) of the number 5 is set (i.e., whether 5 is odd). Here's how it works:

1. 5 in binary is 101.
2. 1 in binary is 001.

The bitwise AND operator (&) compares each bit of the two numbers. If both bits are 1, the result of that bit is 1. Otherwise, it is 0. Applying this here:

   101   (binary representation of 5)
 & 001   (binary representation of 1)
 -----
   001   (binary result, which is 1)

The result of 5 & 1 is 1, indicating that the least significant bit of 5 is 1. This happens because 5 is odd.

Next, the condition (5 & 1) == 1 checks if the result of 5 & 1 is equal to 1. Since it is 1, this condition evaluates to true.

Summary:

The code checks if the number 5 is odd. If it is odd, the condition evaluates to true; otherwise, it evaluates to false.