The provided code calculates the **factorial** of a given integer...

The provided code calculates the factorial of a given integer n recursively. Here's an explanation of what the code does:

1. Base Case (Stopping Condition):

   • If n <= 1, the function returns 1. This serves as the base case to prevent infinite recursion, signifying that the factorial of 0 or 1 is 1.

2. Recursive Call:

   • If n > 1, the function calculates n * factorial(n - 1). This means it multiplies n by the factorial of n - 1. This process will repeat until n reaches 1 (or 0), at which point the recursion stops and the intermediate results are multiplied back up the recursion chain.

Example Execution:

If n = 4, the function evaluates as follows:

1. factorial(4) = 4 * factorial(3)
2. factorial(3) = 3 * factorial(2)
3. factorial(2) = 2 * factorial(1)
4. factorial(1) returns 1 (base case).

So: factorial(4) = 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 24.

Output:

This function computes the factorial of n, which is mathematically defined as: [ n! = n \times (n-1) \times (n-2) \times \dots \times 1 ]