The provided code is a C++ program that processes either...

August 26, 2025 at 09:50 PM

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

// Classe base
class Log {
public:
  virtual ~Log() = default;
};

// Cliente
class Cliente : public Log {
public:
  std::string nome;
  std::string cognome;
  std::string email;
  int puntiFedelta;
};

// Ordine
class Ordine : public Log {
public:
  std::string prodotto;
  std::string cid;
  int quantita;
  double prezzo;
};

// Interpreto tutti i dati passati come Ordine
void gestisciOrdine(Log* log) {

  Ordine* ordine = (Ordine*)log;
  double stima = ordine->quantita * ordine->prezzo;
  
  std::cout << "[" << ordine->cid << "] " << ordine->prodotto <<  " Quantita: "<< ordine->quantita <<" Prezzo: "<< ordine->prezzo << " -> Stima valore totale: " << stima << " €\n";
}

int main() {
  std::string scelta;
  std::cout << "Vuoi leggere Cliente o Ordine?\n";
  std::getline(std::cin, scelta);

  std::vector<Log*> logs;
  
  // Scelta cliente
  if (scelta == "Cliente" || scelta == "cliente") {
    std::ifstream file("clienti.txt");
    if (!file) {
      std::cerr << "Errore apertura file clienti.txt\n";
      return 1;
    }
    
    // Leggo il log e recupero i dati cliente
    std::string line;
    while (std::getline(file, line)) {
      std::istringstream iss(line);
      Cliente* c = new Cliente();
      iss >> c->nome >> c->cognome >> c->email >> c->puntiFedelta;
      logs.push_back(c);
    }

    // passo i dati letti al gestisci ordine
    for (auto* log : logs) {
      gestisciOrdine(log);
    }
    // Scelta Ordine
  } else if (scelta == "Ordine" || scelta == "ordine") {
    std::ifstream file("ordini.txt");
    if (!file) {
      std::cerr << "Errore apertura file ordini.txt\n";
      return 1;
    }
    
    // Leggo il log e recupero i dati ordini
    std::string line;
    while (std::getline(file, line)) {
      std::istringstream iss(line);
      Ordine* o = new Ordine();
      iss >> o->cid >> o->prodotto >> o->quantita >> o->prezzo;
      logs.push_back(o);
    }

    // Scelgo il criterio di ordinamento dei dati
    std::string criterio;
    std::cout << "Vuoi ordinare per (quantita) o (prezzo)? ";
    std::getline(std::cin, criterio);

    if (criterio == "Quantita" || criterio == "quantita") {
      
      std::sort(logs.begin(), logs.end(), [](Log* a, Log* b) {
        Ordine* oa = (Ordine*)a;
        Ordine* ob = (Ordine*)b;
        return oa->quantita < ob->quantita;
      });
      
    } else if (criterio == "Prezzo" || criterio == "prezzo") {
      
      std::sort(logs.begin(), logs.end(), [](Log* a, Log* b) {
        Ordine* oa = (Ordine*)a;
        Ordine* ob = (Ordine*)b;
        return oa->prezzo < ob->prezzo;
      });
      
    }

    // Passo i dati ordinati al gestisciOrdini
    for (auto* log : logs) {
      gestisciOrdine(log);
    }
  } else {
    std::cout << "Scelta non valida.\n";
  }

  // Libero memoria
  for (auto* log : logs) delete log;
}

The provided code is a C++ program that processes either customer data ("Cliente") or order data ("Ordine") based on user input. Here’s a breakdown of what the code does:

Overview

Classes:
- Log: A base class from which both Cliente (Customer) and Ordine (Order) inherit. It allows polymorphism.
- Cliente: Represents a customer with attributes for name (nome), surname (cognome), email (email), and loyalty points (puntiFedelta).
- Ordine: Represents an order with attributes for product (prodotto), customer ID (cid), quantity (quantita), and price (prezzo).
Main Function:
- Asks the user to choose whether to process customers ("Cliente") or orders ("Ordine").
- Reads the corresponding data from a file (clienti.txt for customers or ordini.txt for orders).
- If orders are chosen, the program allows sorting by "quantita" (quantity) or "prezzo" (price).
- Displays the processed data with additional calculations (e.g., total order value).
Memory Management:
- Polymorphic objects are allocated on the heap using new.
- Memory is freed at the end by iterating through the logs vector and deleting each object.

Detailed Functionality

1. User Input and Data Source Selection

The program asks the user for a choice between "Cliente" and "Ordine".
- For "Cliente", it reads from clienti.txt.
- For "Ordine", it reads from ordini.txt.
If the input is invalid, the program prints "Scelta non valida." (Invalid choice) and terminates.

2. Reading Data

For Customers (Cliente):
- clienti.txt is expected to contain lines with:
```
nome cognome email puntiFedelta
```
- These are parsed into Cliente objects and stored in a logs vector.
For Orders (Ordine):
- ordini.txt is expected to contain lines with:
```
cid prodotto quantita prezzo
```
- These are parsed into Ordine objects and stored in the logs vector.

3. Data Processing

For Orders (Ordine):
- Allows the user to choose a sorting criterion:
  - By quantita (ascending order of quantity).
  - By prezzo (ascending order of price).
- The sorting is done using std::sort with a custom lambda function.

4. Output Handling via `gestisciOrdine`

The function gestisciOrdine:
- Interprets Log* objects as Ordine* using a C-style cast.
- Outputs order details:
```
[cid] prodotto Quantita: quantita Prezzo: prezzo -> Stima valore totale: stima (€)
```
- The total value (stima) is calculated as quantita * prezzo.
Important Issue: If customers ("Cliente") are passed to gestisciOrdine, the C-style cast to Ordine* would lead to undefined behavior.

5. Memory Cleanup

All objects in the logs vector are deleted using delete to free the dynamically allocated memory.

Potential Issues

Undefined Behavior with Wrong Object Casting:
- The code assumes gestisciOrdine is only called with Ordine objects, but this is not validated.
- If customers are chosen, the program attempts to process Cliente objects as Ordine, potentially causing crashes or incorrect behavior.
File Format Assumptions:
- The program assumes the input files (clienti.txt, ordini.txt) are properly formatted. Invalid data would cause parsing errors or incorrect results.
C-style Casting:
- The use of (Ordine *)log is risky because it bypasses type-safety checks. A safer alternative is dynamic_cast, which ensures the cast is valid.
Memory Management:
- While the program deletes objects in logs at the end, it could use modern C++ features (e.g., smart pointers like std::unique_ptr) to avoid manual memory management.

Summary of What the Code Does

The program reads and processes customer or order data from files based on user selection. It supports sorting orders by quantity or price and outputs the results, including an estimated total value for each order. However, it has notable risks with type handling and casting, which could lead to undefined behavior if misused.

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